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Kareem, Mukhtar A., et al. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 65 (2013): 138-149.
Ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide has been effectively utilized as a quaternary phosphonium salt for the synthesis of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) designed for selective liquid-liquid extraction of toluene from hydrocarbon mixtures. In this study, six DESs were prepared by combining ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide with hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs) such as ethylene glycol or sulfolane at various salt:HBD molar ratios. The mixtures were stirred magnetically at 80 °C until a homogeneous, transparent liquid was obtained, forming DES1-DES6.
The liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) performance of these DESs was evaluated for the ternary system toluene + heptane + DES at 30-60 °C under atmospheric pressure. The DES composed of ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide and sulfolane at a 1:4 molar ratio demonstrated superior separation capability, achieving selectivities higher than those reported for conventional sulfolane. Phase behavior was correlated using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model, confirming the reliability of experimental tie-lines and enabling precise calculation of ternary phase compositions. Viscosity and refractive index measurements further characterized the physical properties critical for process design.
This study highlights the versatility of ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide as a functional cationic component in DES synthesis, enabling environmentally benign, highly selective, and tunable solvent systems for hydrocarbon separation. The incorporation of this phosphonium salt allows for efficient molecular interactions with HBDs, optimizing extraction performance and providing a promising alternative to conventional organic solvents in industrial liquid-liquid extraction processes.
