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Sheng, Haibing, et al. Energy & Fuels 33.10 (2019): 10159-10166.
This case study highlights the pivotal role of N,N,N-trimethyl-1-ammonium adamantane as a structure-directing agent (SDA) in steering the hydrothermal crystallization of nanoprism-shaped mordenite (MOR), an industrially important zeolite. During synthesis, the quaternary ammonium cation was incorporated into an aluminosilicate gel composed of silica sol, sodium aluminate, and sodium hydroxide. Its rigid adamantane framework and strong templating capability promoted the formation of uniform nanoprism MOR crystals under hydrothermal treatment at 443 K for four days.
The SDA enabled precise control over pore architecture, crystallinity, and morphology, yielding high-quality Na-MOR, which subsequently served as a robust platform for ion-exchange modification. Conversion to H-MOR and Cu-MOR was achieved through ammonium chloride or copper nitrate exchange, demonstrating the stability and structural fidelity imparted by the adamantane-based template. These derived materials exhibited excellent compatibility with noble-metal impregnation, enabling incorporation of Pt at loadings from 0.5-2 wt%.
Overall, N,N,N-trimethyl-1-ammonium adamantane plays a decisive role in directing zeolite crystallization toward nanoscale prismatic architectures, enabling downstream metal functionalization and catalytic tailoring. Its application illustrates the essential contribution of organic SDAs in designing advanced zeolite frameworks for catalytic, adsorption, and separation technologies.
