If you have any other questions or need other size, please get a quote.
Brattelli, Andrea, et al. Food Chemistry (2025): 144494.
Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH), a strong organic base widely applied for cellulose dissolution and functional modification, plays a central role in the development of active colloidal systems designed to enhance food packaging performance. This case study highlights its application in preparing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)-based antimicrobial formulations aimed at prolonging the shelf life of cherry tomatoes.
Following established dissolution protocols, TBAH (40 wt%) effectively solubilizes 5 wt% MCC, enabling the formation of stable colloidal matrices. These TBAH-cellulose systems serve as functional carriers for zinc salts (ZnCl₂ and ZnSO₄), forming TBAH_ZnCl₂ and TBAH_ZnSO₄ composites. Structural analysis confirms partial chemical association of TBAH with cellulose chains, minimizing migration risks during food contact.
In vitro antifungal assessments demonstrate complete fungal growth suppression by TBAH alone and in combination with ZnCl₂, while TBAH-ZnSO₄ systems exhibit synergistic fungicidal behavior. In vivo evaluations further reveal significant preservation efficacy: packaging pads treated with ZnCl₂-containing TBAH systems reduce fruit rot by 91% over 14 days.
The enhanced antimicrobial performance arises from the combined action of TBAH's strong alkalinity, its cellulose-interacting capability, and the biocidal properties of zinc ions. These findings underscore Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as an enabling reagent for the preparation of cellulose-based active materials, providing a promising pathway for developing next-generation absorbent food pads with improved antifungal activity and extended produce shelf life.
Lei, Dengchao, Wenjie Zhang, and Haolun Li. Materials Research Bulletin 154 (2022): 111935.
Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) plays a critical role as a pore-directing and structure-modifying agent in the sol-gel synthesis of samarium titanate (Sm₂Ti₂O₇) photocatalysts. This case study highlights how controlled additions of TBAOH significantly tune crystallinity, porosity, and photocatalytic performance in these oxide materials.
In the sol-gel route, TBAOH is incorporated into the aqueous samarium nitrate solution prior to its combination with tetrabutyl titanate. Varying the TBAOH volume (0-1.4 mL) directly modulates nucleation dynamics, leading to a progressive reduction in crystallite size from 39.1 nm to 19.5 nm. The pore-forming capability of TBAOH substantially enhances textural properties, with Sm₂Ti₂O₇(1.0) exhibiting the highest BET surface area (12.67 m²/g) and largest pore volume (0.0271 cm³/g).
Optoelectronic analysis reveals that TBAOH increases the bandgap energy (3.41-3.79 eV) while simultaneously lowering photoluminescence intensity for Sm₂Ti₂O₇(1.0), indicating reduced electron-hole recombination. XPS results further confirm an increased fraction of Sm²⁺ species, attributed to TBAOH-induced structural modulation during gel formation and calcination.
These combined effects yield superior catalytic performance: Sm₂Ti₂O₇(1.0) achieves 77.1% degradation of RBR X-3B dye under UV irradiation within 60 min and a total removal efficiency of 96.6%, while retaining 82.5% activity after four cycles.
This study demonstrates that Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide is an effective synthesis additive for engineering high-porosity, high-efficiency photocatalytic oxides via controlled sol-gel processes.
Dong, He, Yandong Han, and Wensheng Yang. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 626 (2021): 127091.
Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) serves as an effective co-catalyst and structural modulator in a modified Stöber process designed to synthesize fractal-like silica particles. Unlike the conventional ammonia-catalyzed method that predominantly yields smooth, spherical particles, the incorporation of TBAOH enables structural diversification driven by enhanced alkalinity and controlled electrostatic interactions.
In this system, TBAOH accelerates the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) due to its higher basicity relative to ammonia, promoting the formation of loosely condensed silica networks with reduced negative charge density. Simultaneously, the tetrabutylammonium cation (TBA⁺) integrates into the growing silica matrix, partially neutralizing surface charge and suppressing repulsive interactions among primary silica clusters. This shift in interparticle forces directs the particle growth mechanism toward an aggregation-only model.
By tuning TBAOH concentration (0-3.0 mM), the fractal dimension (df) of the resulting silica architectures can be precisely modulated, enabling systematic control over particle branching, porosity, and structural complexity. The method preserves the simplicity and scalability of the classical Stöber approach while expanding its morphological versatility.
This case study demonstrates that Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide is a powerful tool for engineering non-spherical, fractal-like silica particles, offering significant potential for applications in catalysis, adsorption, optical materials, and hierarchical nanostructure design.
