Perananthan, Sahila, Jeliza S. Bonso, and John P. Ferraris. Carbon 106 (2016): 20-27.
Thermosensitive tetramethylammonium oxalate (TMAO) was added into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) independent non-woven nanofibers produced by electrospinning as an in-situ pore-forming agent.
Preparation of Spinning Solution and Carbon Nanofibers
1. Different amounts of TMAO were dissolved in the same amount of water (0.04 wt%), then dispersed in DMF by ultrasonic treatment for 1 hour, and then mechanically stirred overnight.
2. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN, 1.00 g, 10 wt%) was dissolved in 50 °C dispersion for 1 hour, then stirred overnight at room temperature.
3. PAN (10 wt%) solution without TMAO was prepared as control. The samples containing 0.05 wt% and 0.1 wt% TMAO are called T5 and T10, respectively, and the pure PAN is called T0.
4. Under the condition of 15 kV applied voltage, the solution was electrospun by 20G spinneret. The fibers are deposited on a ground collector that rotates at a speed of 300 rpm.
5. The applied voltage of all samples, the distance between the tip of the needle and the collecting drum (15 cm), and the speed of the collecting drum remain unchanged.
The SEM images and average fiber diameters of electrospun samples T0, T5 and T10 are shown. The nanofibers are uniform and smooth, and the average fiber diameter decreases with the increase of TMAO content. The table summarizes the average fiber diameter measured for 150 times.
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