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Xu, Panli, et al. Talanta 202 (2019): 1-10.
Benzyltributylammonium bromide (BTBAB) has been utilized as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) in the preparation of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for the efficient extraction of lysozyme from chicken egg white. Six DESs were synthesized by combining BTBAB with various carboxylic acids, including glycolic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and citric acid. The mixtures were heated under magnetic stirring at 80 °C to form homogeneous, transparent liquids, and the structure of the resulting DESs was confirmed using ¹H NMR and IR spectroscopy, with broad absorption at ~3300 cm⁻¹ indicative of hydrogen-bond formation.
The phase-formation ability of BTBAB-based DESs was evaluated in combination with different salts, revealing that the presence of the benzyl group in the quaternary ammonium cation enhanced two-phase separation. Optimization of key experimental parameters-including DES and salt content, pH, temperature, and ionic strength-enabled over 98% lysozyme partitioning into the DES-rich phase. Remarkably, the enzymatic activity of lysozyme was retained at 91.73% post-extraction, demonstrating the high biocompatibility of the BTBAB-based DES system.
Mechanistic investigations using UV-vis, FT-IR, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed strong hydrogen-bond interactions and effective protein stabilization within the DES phase. This study demonstrates that BTBAB serves as an effective HBA for the preparation of DESs, providing a green, efficient, and biocompatible platform for protein extraction and analysis in biological samples, with potential applications in biotechnology, enzymology, and pharmaceutical research.
