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Shi, Li, et al. "The extraction and in-situ separation of statins from Monascus purpureus using pH-oriented natural deep eutectic solvent-enzyme system." MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL 218 (2025).
Benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTAC) has been employed as a hydrogen bond acceptor in the formulation of eco-friendly deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for the selective extraction and separation of statins from Monascus purpureus. Among 58 DES candidates, the BTAC/ethylene glycol (1:2) system, in combination with cellulase, demonstrated the highest extraction efficiency, achieving 9.202 ± 0.311 mg/g of target analytes-1.5 times higher than conventional methanol extraction (6.123 ± 0.245 mg/g).
The system's performance was optimized by evaluating key parameters, including liquid-solid ratio, extraction time, buffer pH, temperature, buffer content, and enzyme concentration, using single-factor design and response surface methodology. Remarkably, the BTAC/EG-based cellulase system exhibited pH-oriented reversible behavior, facilitating phase transformation and enabling highly selective extraction.
Structural and mechanistic investigations using FT-IR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and scanning electron microscopy revealed strong non-covalent interactions-hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces-between BTAC-containing DES and statins, which underpinned the high extraction capacity. Green chemistry assessment tools (AGREEprep and AGREE metrics) confirmed the system's excellent biodegradability, low environmental impact, and overall greenness.
This study establishes BTAC as a functional hydrogen bond acceptor in pH-responsive DESs, providing both structural and interactive roles that enhance solute selectivity and extraction efficiency. Its integration into enzymatic DES systems offers a sustainable and high-performance strategy for natural product recovery, particularly for statin-related pharmaceutical development.
Kim, Mina, Sung-Joon Park, and Jung-Hyun Lee. Journal of Membrane Science 700 (2024): 122728.
Benzyltributylammonium chloride (BtBAC) has been applied as a cationic surfactant to improve the performance of polyamide (PA) nanofiltration membranes for lithium (Li) recovery from salt-lake brines. In this study, BtBAC was incorporated into the piperazine (PIP) aqueous solution during conventional interfacial polymerization with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) to fabricate ultrahighly Li-selective thin-film composite membranes. The addition of BtBAC enhanced water permeance without compromising magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) rejection by subtly loosening the PA network while increasing the membrane's positive surface charge.
Membrane fabrication involved soaking polysulfone supports in PIP/BtBAC solutions, followed by reaction with TMC in n-hexane. The resulting PA layers exhibited optimized pore structures and reinforced crosslinking density due to the synergistic effects of excess PIP and BtBAC. This design improved both size exclusion and Donnan exclusion mechanisms, leading to ultrahigh Li⁺/Mg²⁺ selectivity of 150 under single-salt conditions and 887 under mixed-salt conditions, significantly surpassing commercial and previously reported NF membranes.
BtBAC's role as a functional additive demonstrates its capacity to tune membrane morphology, surface charge, and transport properties, enabling high-performance, commercially viable Li recovery without requiring complex monomers or fabrication methods. The study highlights BtBAC as a versatile tool in membrane engineering, providing a scalable and effective strategy to enhance ion selectivity in nanofiltration processes for sustainable lithium extraction from brines.
Priyanka, V. P., Anusha Basaiahgari, and Ramesh L. Gardas. Journal of Molecular Liquids 247 (2017): 207-214.
Benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTBACl) has been applied as a cationic ionic liquid (IL) in aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) for environmentally benign extraction of biomolecules, exemplified by tryptophan. Ternary phase diagrams of BTBACl with various potassium salts (K3PO4, K2HPO4, K2CO3, and KOH) were determined at 298.15 K, providing insight into its phase behavior and binodal compositions. Tie line compositions and lengths were evaluated, and experimental data were fitted to Merchuk's equation to quantify phase separation efficiency.
The study revealed that the benzyl substitution and the nature of the inorganic salts significantly influence the phase formation and extraction performance. Density and viscosity measurements of coexisting phases across 293.15-328.15 K highlighted favorable thermophysical properties, demonstrating that BTBACl-based ABS possess lower viscosity and tunable density compared to conventional polymer-based systems, enhancing mass transfer and extraction kinetics.
Extraction experiments confirmed that BTBACl efficiently partitions tryptophan into the IL-rich phase, with enhanced distribution coefficients attributed to favorable electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic contributions from the benzyl and butyl groups. The ABS maintains electro-neutrality during phase separation, ensuring consistent and reproducible extraction behavior.
This case study establishes BTBACl as a high-performance ionic liquid for biomolecule extraction, offering a green and scalable alternative to traditional polymer or organic solvent-based systems. Its tunable phase behavior, thermophysical properties, and extraction efficiency make BTBACl a promising component in sustainable separation processes for pharmaceutical and biochemical applications.
