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Li, Xiao-Sen, et al. Energy 35.9 (2010): 3902-3908.
Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) has been applied as a surfactant to enhance CO₂ separation from flue gas through hydrate-based capture. In a study employing 0.29 mol% tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) aqueous solution, the effects of DTAC concentration (0-0.056 mol%) and initial pressures (0.66-2.66 MPa) on hydrate induction time and CO₂ recovery were systematically evaluated.
Results indicate that DTAC significantly reduces hydrate induction time, accelerating CO₂ encapsulation. The induction time decreases with increasing DTAC concentration up to its critical micelle concentration (CMC, ~0.028 mol%). Beyond this concentration, DTAC micelle formation inhibits further reduction of induction time and preferentially solubilizes N₂, diminishing CO₂ recovery. Optimal separation was achieved at 0.028 mol% DTAC and 1.66 MPa, where the first-stage induction time was 4.0 min and the second-stage 0.4 min-only one-eighth and one-thirteenth of times observed without DTAC. Under these conditions, CO₂ purity increased from 17.0 mol% to 99.2 mol% using a two-stage hydrate process, with split fractions of 0.54 and 0.39 and separation factors of 9.60 and 62.25 for stages one and two, respectively.
This case demonstrates that DTAC, by modulating hydrate formation kinetics and gas selectivity, provides a highly effective strategy for CO₂ capture. Its application exemplifies the critical role of cationic surfactants in industrial gas separation, combining fundamental colloid chemistry with practical carbon management technologies.
Sun, Hao-ran, Gui Gao, and Yu-lian Wang. Journal of Molecular Liquids 414 (2024): 126184.
Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (KDMP) has been applied as a selective collector to enhance the desilication and purification of magnesite from quartz in mineral flotation processes. Experimental studies demonstrated that KDMP, at a dosage of 20 mg/L and a slurry pH of 5.0, effectively separates silica impurities while maintaining high magnesite recovery. Mixed-ore tests further confirmed KDMP's efficiency under these optimized conditions.
Surface characterization revealed the mechanism of selective adsorption. Contact angle measurements indicated that KDMP significantly increases quartz hydrophobicity, whereas magnesite remained largely unaffected. Zeta potential analysis showed a positive shift in quartz's zero-point potential, evidencing the collector's surface interaction. Spectroscopic studies including FTIR and XPS confirmed that KDMP forms chelates with surface Si and selectively adsorbs onto active oxygen sites of quartz. Imaging techniques, FESEM and AFM, demonstrated that KDMP forms an adsorption layer exclusively on quartz, leaving magnesite surfaces largely unaltered.
This selective adsorption behavior underpins KDMP's high efficiency as a flotation collector, enabling targeted removal of quartz impurities and producing purified magnesite. By exploiting surface chemistry differences between quartz and magnesite, KDMP introduces a novel approach to low-grade magnesite beneficiation. Its application exemplifies how cationic surfactants can be strategically employed in mineral processing to improve ore quality, reduce impurities, and optimize industrial flotation operations.
Hong, Xin, et al. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 12.5 (2024): 113481.
Dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) has been applied as a cationic collector in mixed anionic-cationic systems to improve the flotation separation of quartz and hematite. In combination with sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), DTAC was evaluated through micro-flotation tests, contact angle measurements, ζ-potential analysis, FTIR, XPS, and froth stability experiments.
The mixed DTAC-SDS collector exhibited superior separation performance at a pH of 7 and a DTAC:SDS mass ratio of 2:1, achieving a quartz recovery of 91.85 % and hematite recovery of 11.45 %. Compared to DTAC alone, the mixed collector increased iron concentrate grade by 4.28 percentage points and recovery by 6.75 percentage points without additional inhibitors. Mechanistic studies revealed that SDS physically adsorbs on mineral surfaces via electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding, influencing DTAC adsorption dynamics. On hematite, DTAC adsorption was partially inhibited by SDS, enhancing hydrophilicity and reducing floatability. Conversely, the highly negative quartz surface maintained DTAC adsorption, preserving its hydrophobicity and floatability.
Contact angle and ζ-potential measurements confirmed increased surface hydrophilicity of hematite and stronger adsorption on quartz, while spectroscopic analyses verified selective physical adsorption of the collectors. These interactions enabled a pronounced difference in floatability between hematite and quartz, facilitating selective mineral separation.
This case demonstrates DTAC's critical role in mixed collector systems, where its selective adsorption behavior, modulated by SDS, enhances flotation efficiency, illustrating the strategic application of cationic surfactants in mineral processing for improved ore beneficiation.
