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Qasim, Umair, et al. Biomacromolecules 24.9 (2023): 4113-4122.
Triethylmethylammonium chloride (TEMACl) has emerged as a key component in deep eutectic solvent (DES) systems for efficient cellulose modification. When combined with imidazole in a 7:3 molar ratio, TEMACl forms a DES that functions both as a swelling agent and a reaction medium for the esterification of cellulose with n-octyl succinic anhydride (OSA).
The DES, prepared by heating TEMACl and imidazole to 80 °C, facilitates cellulose swelling, enhancing accessibility to reactive sites. The subsequent addition of OSA enables esterification, yielding amphiphilic cellulose with varying degrees of substitution based on different OSA:AGU ratios. The reaction proceeds efficiently under mild conditions, avoiding harsh solvents and catalysts.
TEMACl's role in DES-based cellulose modification demonstrates its potential in sustainable material processing. By enabling efficient esterification, it supports the development of functionalized cellulose for applications in biocompatible coatings, packaging, and nanofibrillation. This approach highlights the utility of TEMACl-containing DESs as environmentally friendly alternatives for cellulose valorization in green chemistry and material science.
Sirviö, Juho Antti. Carbohydrate Polymers 198 (2018): 34-40.
Triethylmethylammonium chloride (TEMA) plays a crucial role in the development of deep eutectic solvent (DES) systems for cellulose modification. When combined with imidazole in a 2:1 molar ratio, TEMA forms a DES that effectively serves as a reaction medium for the cationization of cellulose fibers using trimethylglycine (betaine) hydrochloride and p-toluenesulfonyl (tosyl) chloride.
In this process, the DES facilitates cellulose swelling and enhances reagent accessibility, allowing for efficient substitution reactions. The cationization reaction is conducted at controlled temperatures (50-100 °C) over four hours, leading to the functionalization of cellulose with positively charged groups. The final product is isolated by ethanol washing and drying at 60 °C, yielding modified cellulose with improved charge properties.
TEMA-based DES systems offer an environmentally friendly and efficient alternative for cellulose functionalization, eliminating the need for traditional harsh solvents. The resulting cationized cellulose has potential applications in biocompatible materials, paper additives, and water purification. This study highlights the versatility of TEMA in green chemistry and sustainable material processing.
